Newer devices and improved formulations of inhaled insulin

摘要

Introduction: Delivery of therapeutic insulin via the pulmonary route has been the most investigated non-invasive alternative to the commonly used subcutaneous (SC) route for diabetes management. Despite discontinuation of the first inhalable insulin, Exubera (R), due to suboptimal market acceptance, development of orally inhaled insulin delivery systems has been galvanized by the recent approval of Afrezza (R) and several others awaiting approval.