Role of single-operator per-oral cholangioscopy and intraductal US in assessment of portal biliopathy (with videos)

摘要

The term "portal biliopathy" (PB) is used to describe biliary and gallbladder wall abnormalities in the setting of portal hypertension. These biliary tract abnormalities can be found in both extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts and may include ductal dilatations, indentations, strictures, angulations, biliary filling defects, and varices of the gallbladder. Most patients with PB-related ductal abnormalities are asymptomatic and do not require any treatment. Those who are symptomatic require treatment in the form of repeated endoscopic interventions or surgery.