Initial experience with a prototype peroral direct cholangioscope to perform intraductal lithotripsy (with video).

摘要

Urakami et al first reported a peroral direct cholangios-copy (PDCS) procedure 3 decades ago. Recently, PDCS using ultraslim upper endoscopes has been described for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. However, those endoscopes are not dedicated cholangioscopes. This is the first report of the use of a dedicated prototype peroral direct cholangio-scope to fragment a difficult bile duct stone.