Use of Computer Models to Establish the Feeding Standards for Fish Performance and Waste Reduction for Sustainable Aquaculture: A TREATISE

摘要

New feeding standards have been developed by Cho et al. (1976-92) and these are based on principle of nutritional energetics in which the digestible energy (DE) content of diet, digestible protein (DP):DE ratio and the amount of DE required to produceper unit of live weight gain. The gain expressed as retained energy (RE) in carcass and maintenance energy at different water temperatures is the main criteria for daily energy and feed allocations. Series of bioenergetic models were developed and a stand-alone multimedia computer program "Fish-PrFEQ" for the Windows~(TM) platform was written in MS Visual C~(++). NET language with database functionality. This program predicts energy, nitrogen and phosphorus retention, requirements and/or excretions todetermine feeding standards, growth, waste output and effluent water quality. The models require initial and final body weights, water temperature, growth coefficient, carcass energy content, waste coefficients and retention coefficients to estimate input and output. Accurate determinations of the thermal-unit growth coefficient (TGC) and waste coefficients are essential, and these coefficients are determined by biological experiments in the laboratory and field. Oxygen requirement and water exchange rate etc. are included to aid environmental control in fish culture systems. The Fish-PrFEQ program also contains modules for production records, performance calculations and database management for input and output data which may be exported for further data and graphic manipulations.