Photoaptamer chips for clinical diagnostics.

摘要

The notion that single biomarkers can provide sufficient information about complex disease states is challenging. Diseases involve multiple, often overlapping, physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. Individual ana-lytes that reflect these processes are thus particularly likely to suffer from a lack of specificity. In the context of prostate cancer screening, PSA provides an example: elevated PSA levels can reflect prostate cancer or, more often, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).