Fluid replacement via the rectum for treatment of hypovolaemic shock in an animal model.

摘要

Models of haemorrhage may be classified into controlled and uncontrolled haemorrhages. Controlled haemorrhage may be either of the "Wiggers" type, in which blood is withdrawn until a specified hypotensive blood pressure is achieved,3 4 or of a fixed-volume type, in which a predetermined volume of blood is removed irrespective of the blood pressure response.5 Uncontrolled haemorrhage models involve the laceration of a major vessel-for example, a 4 mm tear of the aorta.6 Although the first two models may seem rather artificial compared with the third, they do fulfil Stoner's criteria, and the uncontrolled haemorrhage models have shown that with normal clotting, even tears to the aorta are not invariably fatal, so that the models then resemble the controlled haemorrhage models.