Development of congenital scoliokyphosis may have different underlying pathologies, which are classified as failure of formation, failure of segmentation and a combination of both in terms of a mixed pattern. A posterior or posterolateral hemivertebra as well as an anterior or anterolateral defect of segmentation or a combination of both would result in congenital kyphosis or scoliokyphosis.Pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) has become popular for surgical treatment of fixed kyphotic deformities of the spine in ankylosing spondylitis and is now being used to correct fixed kyphotic deformities of various etiologies including congenital kyphosis or scoliokyphosis (Fig. 1).
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