The quest for a better bladder from bowel.

摘要

For more than a century, surgeons have been on a quest for an ideal vehicle for urinary elimination when the urinary bladder requires extirpation due to malignancy or is nonfunctional due to other problems [1]. The alimentary tract seemed to be the logical and convenient candidate, but combining the urinary and digestive stream presented several serious concerns related to metabolism, infection, and oncology. Hence most efforts have been directed toward finding or designing a bladder substitute that utilizes various bowel segments but is isolated from the gastrointestinal tract.