Phylogenetic placement, DNA barcoding, morphology and evidence for the spreading of Entyloma cosmi, a species attacking Cosmos bipinnatus in temperate climate gardens

摘要

The white leaf smut is one of the recently reported and apparently spreading diseases of the garden cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus) causing necrosis and wilting of the leaves and leading to reduction of its ornamental value. The occurrence of this fungal disease was first observed in Japan (Hokkaido Island) in 1996, and later in Germany (Saxony-Anhalt) in 2002, and the causative agent was described as new species, Entyloma cosmi, in 2005. This smut was subsequently reported from Canada, Switzerland, andKorea. Here it is reported for the first time from Austria, France, Italy, Poland, and Slovenia. This indicates the rapid spread of Entyloma cosmi on Cosmus bipinnatus in temperate climate gardens. The phylogenetic position of Entyloma cosmi is analyzed using ITS rDNA sequences, the phenotypic characters are critically re-evaluated, and the species is characterized using the Consolidated Species Concept, including morphology, ecology (host plant), and rDNA sequences (ITS and LSU). Selected ITS sequences and one LSU sequence generated in this work are deposited on the BarCode of Life website in GenBank (www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/ genbank/barcode/) and Fungal Barcoding Database (www. fungalbarcoding. org), and could serve as DNA barcodes to facilitate rapid identification of this economically important species. The ITS sequence from the holotype of Entyloma cosmi, sequenced here, is recommended to be deposited in the RefSeq Targeted Loci database.