Does routine second transurethral resection affect the long-term outcome of patients with T1 bladder cancer? Why a flawed randomized controlled trial cannot address the issue

摘要

Transurethral resection (TUR) is the mainstay of diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. For this reason, repeat TUR has been advocated in the case of an incomplete first resection, and restaging TUR should be always performed in cases in which the first TUR failed to provide all of the needed pathologic data (eg, no or small fragment of muscle in the biopsy) [1-3]. With these indications, there is no reason to question the recommendation of a procedure that should always be recommended.