Making Increase

Brian Gant

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Making Increase

机译：增加

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During the next few months there will be new beekeepers looking for colonies of bees, or wishing to increase the number of colonies held, and there will be experienced beekeepers with unusually heavy winter losses wanting to make up their numbers after the problems resulting from the spread of pyrethroid-resist-ant varroa. For me, and for most beekeepers, this is a rather unusual situation: we all welcome the recent influx of new members of our organisation while being very much less keen on the change in the varroa with which we had learned to cope.

机译：在接下来的几个月中，将会有新的养蜂人寻找蜜蜂的殖民地，或者希望增加养蜂场的数目，并且会有经验丰富的养蜂人，他们在冬季损失异常惨重，他们希望在蔓延造成的问题后弥补他们的数量拟除虫菊酯抗药性varroa。对于我和大多数养蜂人而言，这是一个非常不寻常的情况：我们所有人都欢迎组织新成员的涌入，而对我们已经学会应对的变色变化却不那么热衷。

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《Beekeeping 》 |2005年第4期| 共3页
作者
Brian Gant;
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正文语种 eng
中图分类养蜂、益虫饲养 ;
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3. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to whey protein and increase in satiety leading to a reduction in energy intake (ID 425), contribution to the maintenance or achievement of a normal body weight (ID 1683), growth or maintenance of muscle mass (ID 418, 419, 423, 426, 427, 429, 4307), increase in lean body mass during energy restriction and resistance training (ID 421), reduction of body fat mass during energy restriction and resistance training (ID 420, 421), increase in muscle strength (ID 422, 429), increase in endurance capacity during the subsequent exercise bout after strenuous exercise (ID 428), skeletal muscle tissue repair (ID 428) and faster recovery from muscle fatigue after exercise (ID 423, 428, 431), pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 [J] . EFSA Journal . 2010 ,第10期

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机译：吸烟与未实现血糖目标的风险增加增加血糖可变性以及1型糖尿病患者的低血糖的风险增加
7. Endothermy of dynastine scarab beetles (Cyclocephala colasi) associated with pollination biology of a thermogenic arum lily (Philodendron solimoesense) : Cyclocephala colasi beetles are facultative endotherms that spend most of their adult lives inside the inflorescences of Philodendron solimoesense, where ambient temperature (Ta) averages about 28°C due to floral thermogenesis. Measurements of respiration within a range of Ta showed that active beetles became spontaneously endothermic at Ta below 28°C but were rarely endothermic above it. There was no evidence of endothermy within the inflorescences, indicating that activities in the floral chamber can occur without the high energy expense of endothermy. Bouts of endothermy occurred at lower Ta in respirometer chambers mainly in the evening, when the insects normally fly from one inflorescence to another, and during the night, when they normally eat and mate within the inflorescence. Patterns of endothermy in individual episodes were studied in non-flying beetles with respirometry and infrared thermal imaging. Heat was generated in the thorax by oscillatory waves of respiration that were coupled with thoracic temperature (Tth) increases. Stationary beetles could regulate Tth at about 33°C independently of Ta between 16 and 29°C. At Ta20°C, this represents a 116-fold increase in metabolic rate over resting, ectothermic values. Endothermy was clearly a requirement for flight, and beetles departing inflorescences warmed to about 30°C before take-off. During flight, Tth was dependent on Ta, decreasing from 37 to 28°C at Ta of 37 to 20°C, respectively. The lowest Ta at which flight could occur was about 20°C. Thermal conductance of stationary, endothermic beetles increased at higher metabolic rates, probably because of increased ventilatory heat loss. [O] . Seymour, R.S., White, C.R., Gibernau, Marc 2009

机译：与产热香芋百合（Philodendron solimoesense）授粉生物学相关的动态圣甲虫（Cyclocephala colasi）吸热：Cyclocephala colasi甲虫是兼性吸热体，它们大部分成年生活都在Philodendron solimoesense的花序中，其平均温度（Ta）由于花的生热作用，温度约为28°C。在Ta范围内的呼吸测量表明，活跃的甲虫在Ta低于28°C时会自发吸热，而在Ta高于28°C时很少吸热。在花序中没有吸热的迹象，表明花室中的活动可以在没有高的吸热能量消耗的情况下发生。吸热的爆发主要发生在晚上，当昆虫通常从一个花序飞到另一个花序时，以及在晚上，它们通常在花序中进食并交配时，在呼吸计室的较低Ta处发生。在非飞行甲虫中通过呼吸测定法和红外热成像研究了单个发作中的吸热模式。伴随着胸温（Tth）升高的呼吸振荡波在胸腔中产生热量。固定甲虫可以在约33°C的温度下调节Tth，而与Ta在16至29°C之间的温度无关。在Ta20°C下，这表示其代谢速率比静止的，等温的升高116倍。吸热显然是飞行的要求，离开花序的甲虫在起飞前会升温到约30°C。在飞行过程中，Tth取决于Ta，在Ta从37降至20°C时，Tth分别从37°C降至28°C。可能发生飞行的最低Ta约为20°C。固定的，吸热的甲虫的热导率以较高的代谢率增加，这可能是由于通风热损失增加所致。

Making Increase

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