Radioactive isotopes in atmospheric aerosols over Russia and the Sea of Japan following nuclear accident at Fukushima Nr. 1 Daiichi Nuclear Power Station in March 2011

摘要

Artificial radionuclides, such as iodine-131 ( ~(131)I), cesium-134 ( ~(134)Cs), and cesium-137 ( ~(137)Cs), as well as natural isotopes of beryllium-7 (7Be) and potassium-40 (~(40)K) have been registered in atmospheric aerosols over Vladivostok selected from 11 March to 17 June 2011. Additionally, ~(134)Cs and ~(137)Cs were detected in atmospheric aerosols over Tomsk selected from 16 March to 17 June 2011. Artificial radionuclides were also discovered in atmospheric wet depositions sampled in Vladivostok from 3 to 17 May 2011. Moreover, these radionuclides have been registered in atmospheric aerosols over the sea surface of the Sea of Japan selected from 3 to 31 May 2011 during an expedition of the "Nadezhda" sailing ship. From 18 March to 15 April, an increase in concentrations of atmospheric aerosols over Vladivostok from 108.8 to 321.5 M-g/m~3 has been registered. It was accompanied by increased activity concentrations of ~(134)Cs, ~(137)Cs, and the~(131)I. During the period from 18 March to 15 April, activity concentrations of ~(137)Cs and ~(134)Cs in atmospheric aerosols increased 100 times compared with the minimum detectable concentration (MDC) level and peaked in the weekly sample gathered from 8 to 15 April (145.0 and 105.3 uBq/m3, respectively). Variability of concentrations of natural isotopes of ~7Be and ~(40)K was not greater than 1 order of magnitude throughout the sampling period. Maximal values of ~(137)Cs and ~(134)Cs concentrations (1,281.5±141 and 384.4± 42.3 uBq/m3, respectively) in Tomsk were reached in samples taken from 1 to 2 April. For the atmospheric aerosol samples from the Sea of Japan, the largest concentration of ~(131)I (392.3 ±215.7 μBq/m~3) was detected from 13 to 19 May, while all other samples had much lower concentration values. Synoptic analysis of back trajectories movement of air masses showed that the radioactive cloud came to Vladivostok from the regions of Siberia and northeastern part of China. Synoptic analysis for Tomsk showed that during the period of maximal activity concentrations (1-9 April), air masses were arriving from the European part of Russia and north of Kazakhstan.