A FOURTH FLORIDIAN RECORD OF THE CENTIPEDE GENUS RHYSIDA WOOD, 1862; POTENTIAL ESTABLISHMENT OF R. L. LONGIPES (NEWPORT, 1845) IN MIAMI-DADE COUNTY (SCOLOPENDROMORPHA: SCOLOPENDRIDAE: OTOSTIGMINAE)

摘要

The scolopendrid centipede subfamily Otostigminae is represented in the Western Hemisphere by two genera, Otostigmus Porat, 1876 (only the subgenus Parotostigmus Pocock, 1896, occurs here), and Rhysida Wood, 1862, neither of which is native to the continental United States (Shelley 2002). There is an old, uncorroborated record of R. longipes (Newport, 1845) from Fort Jefferson, Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida (Wood 1862), and six authors have reported R. celeris (Humbert & Saussure, 1870) from "Carolina" and Georgia (Humbert & Saussure 1870, Kohlrausch 1881, Underwood 1887, Pocock 1896, Kraepelin 1903, Attems 1930). However, Crabill (1960) expressed doubt that the latter was established here, and Shelley (2002) agreed, deleting it from the NorthAmerican fauna. Neither Otostigmus nor Rhysida has been revised, and they are on a list of seven scolopendromorph genera that particularly need "taxonomic attention" (Lewis 2003). Literature records are therefore confusing and probably unreliable, but the northernmost of the Otostigminae in the Americas are R. nuda immar-ginata (Porat, 1876), from Durango, Mexico; R. l longipes from Sinaloa and St. Croix, US Virgin Islands; O. (P.) denticulatus (Pocock, 1896), from Guerrero, Mexico, and Guatemala; R. n. nuda (Newport, 1845), from Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Cuba, and Haiti; O. (P.) occidentalis Meinert, 1886, from Haiti; and O. (P.) caraibicus Kraepelin, 1903, from Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands (St. Thomas and St. John), and St. Kitts (Meinert 1886; Pocock 1896; Kraepelin 1903; Chamberlin 1918, 1921, 1950; Attems 1930; Bucherl 1974; Lewis 1989). No specimen of Otostigmus has ever been taken to the north, but representatives of Rhysida have been intercepted four times in quarantines at US ports since 1937 (Shelley 2002), and single individuals of R. l. longipes have been encountered three times in south Florida, in 1956-57 in Miami and South Miami, Miami-Dade County, and in 1962 in a home in Key West, Monroe County (Chamberlin 1958, Crabill1960, Shelley 2002). Shelley and Edwards (1987) therefore included R. l. longipes in their key to Floridian scolopendromorphs, but as no specimens had been encountered for 40 years, Shelley (2002) concluded that it had not established reproducing populations.