The Phylogenetic Relationships between Chironomus Species of the Ch. plumosus Group (Diptera, Chironomidae)

摘要

Phylogenetic models were constructed for eight Chironomus species of the Ch. plumosus group according to the karyotypic (banding patterns), biochemical (electrophoretic spectra of hemoglobin), and morphological (larva, pupa, and adult male) characteristics. All the phylograms obtained proved to be different. Evolutionary changes at different structural and functional levels appear to be non-uniform and not correlated. The problem of the ancestral species of the group is discussed. In the genus Chironomus there are species with very similar morphology and karyotype, which are united into so-called species groups. The largest of these is the Ch. plumosus group, comprising Ch. agilis Shobanov et Dyomin, 1988; Ch. balatonicus Devai, Wulker et Scholl, 1983; Ch. bonus Shilova et Dzhvarshe-ishvili, 1974; Ch. borokensis Kerkis, Filippova, Shobanov, Gunderina et Kiknadze, 1988; Ch. entis Shobanov, 1989; Ch. muratensis Ryser, Scholl et Wiilker, 1983; Ch. nudiventris Ryser, Scholl et Wulker, 1983; Ch. plumosus 1758 (Linnaeus); Ch. usenicus Loginova et Beljanina, 1994; Ch. vancouveri Michailova et Fisher, 1986; Chironomus sp. J (Kiknadze et al., 1991).