Pheromone-based trapping of larval codling moth, Cydia pomonella, in apple orchards

摘要

In apple orchards throughout the world, larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), are the primary cause of insect damage to fruit (Landolt et al, 1999). Tactics available as part of integrated pest management (IPM) programs for C. pomonella include pheromone-based mating disruption (Judd et al., 1997) or attract-and-kill of adult moths (Charmillot & Hofer, 1997), sterile insect technology (Judd & Gardiner, 2005), biological or conventional insecticide targeting neonate larvae (Knight etal, 1994; Lacey etal, 2004), release of parasitic wasps, like Ascogaster quadridentata Wesmael (Clausen, 1978) and Mastrus ridibundus Gravenhorst (Unruh, 1997) which parasitize egg and larval stages, respectively, and use of cultural controls like tree bands placed on the lower bole to trap fifth-instar larvae seeking pupation sites (Judd et al., 1997; Judd & Gardiner, 2005). Cocoon-spinning C. pomonella larvae release an aggregation pheromone that attracts both the larval parasitoidM. ridibundus (Jumean et al., 2005b) and conspecific larvae (Duthie et al., 2003; Jumean et al., 2004, 2005a). This pheromone is comprised of eight components: 3-carene, octanal, nonanal, decanal, (E)-2-octenal, (E)-2-nonenal, sulcatone, and geranylacetone (Jumean et al., 2005b). We tested whether a synthetic blend of the larval aggregation pheromone could be used to increase the efficiency of cardboard bands for trapping C. pomonella larvae in apple orchards.