More than one hundred and seventy years ago, Magendie discovered a small foramen in the floor of the fourth ventricle and pointed out the connection between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricular system and in the subarachnoid spaces of the brain and cord. By this significant discovery, he paved the way to understanding the circulation of CSF and to problems associated with increased CSF pressure. In the late 19th century, Quinke suggested the technique of lumbar puncture to measure the pressure of the CSF. This was the earliest clinical method of an assessment of intracranial pressure (ICP) [1].
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