Failure Analysis of X-Ray Flat Detector for Medical Imaging

摘要

Since the discovery of x-rays by Roentgen in 1901, medical radiology has expanded toward two main domains: 1. Radioscopy, where the image is stored on a photo graphic film 2. Fluoroscopy, where the image is observed in real time on a scintillating screen, which converts the x- rays into visible light During the next half-century, development focused on x-ray detectors and led to increases in their performance parameters, such as sensitivity, spatial resolution, and contrast. In the early 1980s, evolution toward numerical systems was anticipated by several companies. In 1986, the first research programs were launched by Philips and Thomson Tubes Electroniques (TTE), and the first patents were published. In 1991, Eureka, a European research program, brought together TTE and Siemens. The first cardiologic images were demonstrated in 1995 in Freiburg, Germany. The interests of three major European companies in the field led to the 1997 creation of Trixell; the three shareholders were TTE (which later became Thales), Philips, and Siemens. Since then, Trixell has become a leader in the production of digital x-ray detectors.