A portable rainfall simulator for field assessment of splash and slopewash in remote locations

摘要

This paper describes the design, operation and performance of a field-portable 'drip-type' simulator and erosion measurement system. The system was constructed specifically for soil erosion research in the humid tropics and has been used extensively in Malaysian Borneo. The simulator is capable of producing replicable storms of up to 200 mm h(-1) intensity and 20-30 minutes duration with a drop-size distribution close to that of natural storms of such intensity (D-50 of simulated rainfall is 4.15 nun at 200 mm h(-1) and 3.65 mm at 160 mm h(-1), D-50 measured during natural rainfall = 3.25 mm). The simulator is portable and simply constructed and operates without a motor or electronics, thus making it particularly useful in remote, mountainous areas. The erosion measurement system allows assessment of. (1) rainsplash detachment and net downslope transport from the erosion plot; (2) slopewash (erosion transported by overland flow); and (3) infiltration capacity and overland flow. The performance of the simulator-erosion system compared with previous systems is assessed with reference to experiments carried out in primary and regenerating tropical rainforest at Danum Valley (Malaysian Borneo). The system was found to compare favourably with previous field simulators, producing a total storm kinetic energy of 727 J m(-1) (over a 20-minute storm event) and a kinetic energy rate of 0.61 J m(-2) s(-1), approximately half that experienced on the ground during a natural rainfall event of similar intensity, despite the shorter distance to the ground. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.