Spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe), a non-native perennial forb, has invaded many areas throughout North America, requiring active management to restore native plant communities (Sheley et al. 1998). Restoration attempts often utilize combinations of control methods and seeding to replace knapweed with native species, but many studies have been based only on short-term experiments (Kettenring and Adams 2011). Long-term studies of the persistence of seeded species on knapweed-infested sites are needed to inform long-term restoration strategies because some seeded species may not remain competitive after the effects of site preparation treatments have diminished (Rinella et al. 2012).
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机译：非本地多年生杂草斑斑的矢车菊（Centaurea stoebe）已侵入北美许多地区，需要积极管理以恢复本地植物群落（Sheley et al。1998）。恢复尝试通常采用控制方法和播种相结合的方式，用本地物种代替k，但许多研究仅基于短期实验（Kettenring和Adams，2011年）。需要对结节藻感染的地点的种子物种的持久性进行长期研究，以制定长期的恢复策略，因为在定点处理的效果减弱之后，某些种子物种可能无法保持竞争力（Rinella等人，2012）。
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