Argentina goes against the grain by increasing spending

Scott Weeden

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Argentina goes against the grain by increasing spending

机译：阿根廷增加支出与谷物背道而驰

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A 14% budget increase by YPF for 2015 is mainly aimed at unconventional shale plays and tight gas sands. Oil and natural gas were flowing from the Vaca Muerta Shale at the rate of 22,900 bbl/d of oil and 1.9 MMcm/d (67 MMcf/d) of natural gas for YPF at the end of the first-quarter 2015. Argentina, the U.S., Canada and China are the only four countries in the world producing commercial volumes of oil and gas from shale plays.

机译：YPF将2015年预算增加14％，主要是针对非常规页岩气和致密气砂。在2015年第一季度末，来自Vaca Muerta页岩的石油和天然气的产量为22,900桶/天，YPF的天然气为1.9 MMcm / d（67 MMcf / d）。美国，加拿大和中国是世界上仅有的四个利用页岩气生产大量商业石油和天然气的国家。

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《E & P: A Hart Energy Publication》 |2015年第8期|共2页
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Scott Weeden;
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中图分类油气田勘探组织与管理;
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入库时间 2022-08-18 10:45:43

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机译：阿根廷增加支出与谷物背道而驰
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机译：需求创造干预措施的成本和成本效益以提高坦桑尼亚对自愿性男性包皮环切术的接受程度：多花少花
7. Endothermy of dynastine scarab beetles (Cyclocephala colasi) associated with pollination biology of a thermogenic arum lily (Philodendron solimoesense) : Cyclocephala colasi beetles are facultative endotherms that spend most of their adult lives inside the inflorescences of Philodendron solimoesense, where ambient temperature (Ta) averages about 28°C due to floral thermogenesis. Measurements of respiration within a range of Ta showed that active beetles became spontaneously endothermic at Ta below 28°C but were rarely endothermic above it. There was no evidence of endothermy within the inflorescences, indicating that activities in the floral chamber can occur without the high energy expense of endothermy. Bouts of endothermy occurred at lower Ta in respirometer chambers mainly in the evening, when the insects normally fly from one inflorescence to another, and during the night, when they normally eat and mate within the inflorescence. Patterns of endothermy in individual episodes were studied in non-flying beetles with respirometry and infrared thermal imaging. Heat was generated in the thorax by oscillatory waves of respiration that were coupled with thoracic temperature (Tth) increases. Stationary beetles could regulate Tth at about 33°C independently of Ta between 16 and 29°C. At Ta20°C, this represents a 116-fold increase in metabolic rate over resting, ectothermic values. Endothermy was clearly a requirement for flight, and beetles departing inflorescences warmed to about 30°C before take-off. During flight, Tth was dependent on Ta, decreasing from 37 to 28°C at Ta of 37 to 20°C, respectively. The lowest Ta at which flight could occur was about 20°C. Thermal conductance of stationary, endothermic beetles increased at higher metabolic rates, probably because of increased ventilatory heat loss. [O] . Seymour, R.S., White, C.R., Gibernau, Marc 2009

机译：与产热香芋百合（Philodendron solimoesense）授粉生物学相关的动态圣甲虫（Cyclocephala colasi）吸热：Cyclocephala colasi甲虫是兼性吸热体，它们大部分成年生活都在Philodendron solimoesense的花序中，其平均温度（Ta）由于花的生热作用，温度约为28°C。在Ta范围内的呼吸测量表明，活跃的甲虫在Ta低于28°C时会自发吸热，而在Ta高于28°C时很少吸热。在花序中没有吸热的迹象，表明花室中的活动可以在没有高的吸热能量消耗的情况下发生。吸热的爆发主要发生在晚上，当昆虫通常从一个花序飞到另一个花序时，以及在晚上，它们通常在花序中进食并交配时，在呼吸计室的较低Ta处发生。在非飞行甲虫中通过呼吸测定法和红外热成像研究了单个发作中的吸热模式。伴随着胸温（Tth）升高的呼吸振荡波在胸腔中产生热量。固定甲虫可以在约33°C的温度下调节Tth，而与Ta在16至29°C之间的温度无关。在Ta20°C下，这表示其代谢速率比静止的，等温的升高116倍。吸热显然是飞行的要求，离开花序的甲虫在起飞前会升温到约30°C。在飞行过程中，Tth取决于Ta，在Ta从37降至20°C时，Tth分别从37°C降至28°C。可能发生飞行的最低Ta约为20°C。固定的，吸热的甲虫的热导率以较高的代谢率增加，这可能是由于通风热损失增加所致。

Argentina goes against the grain by increasing spending

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