Ta/TiO_2-and Nb/TiO_2-Mixed Oxides as Efficient Solar Photocatalysts: Preparation, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Activity

摘要

Ta/TiO_2- and Nb/TiO_2-mixed oxides photocatalysts were prepared by simple impregnation method at different TiO_2:Nb or Ta mass ratios of 1:0.1, 1:0.5, and 1:1, followed by calcination at 500℃. The prepared powders have been characterized by XRD, XPS, UV-Vis spectra, and SEM. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated under natural solar light for decolorization and mineralization of azo dye Orange II solution. The results showed that Nb/TiO_2- and Ta/TiO_2-mixed oxides have higher activity than the untreated TiO_2 under natural solar light. The maximum activity was observed for Nb/TiO_2 sample (at mass ratio of 1:0.1), which is characterized by the smallest crystalline size (17.79 nm). Comparing with the untreated TiO_2, the solar decolorization and mineralization rates improved by about 140% and 237%, respectively, and the band gap reduced to 2.80 eV. The results suggest that the crystal lattices of TiO_2 powder are locally distorted by incorporating Nb~(5+) species into TiO_2, forming a new band energy structure, which is responsible for the absorption in the visible region. Unlike Ta/TiO_2, the Nb/TiO_2-mixed oxides can prevent the grain size growth of the treated TiO_2, which is important to achieve high solar photoactivity.