ΛcDM cosmology through the lens of einstein's static universe, the mother of Λ

摘要

We show here that, in the context of Einstein's static universe (ESU), the static cosmological constant Λ_s = 0. We do so by extending (and not contradicting) the ESU relationship from Λ_s = 4πρ to Λ_s = 4πρ = 0, where ρ is the ESU matter density (G = c = 1). This extension follows from the fact that the elements of the spacetime geometry depend on pressure and energy density (ρ). Note in the ΛCDM model, Λ is associated with "Dark Energy (DE)." And, if Λ would be considered as a fundamental constant, it should be zero even for a dynamic universe. In such a case, the observed accelerated expansion could be an artifact of inhomogeneity [D. L. Wiltshire, Phys. Rev. D 80 (2009) 123512; E. W. Kolb, Class. Quantum. Grav. 28 (2011) 164009] or large peculiar acceleration of the Milky way [C. Tasgas, Phys. Rev. D 84 (2011) 063503] or extinction of light of distant supernovae [R. E. Schild and M. Dekker, Astron. Nachr. 327 (2006) 729, arXiv:astro-ph/0512236]. The same conclusion has also been obtained in an independent manner [A. Mitra, JCAP 03 (2013) 007, doi: 10.1088/1475-7516/2013/03/007].