Cellular automata models for traffic flow with 'slow-to-start' rule: Effect of randomization

摘要

In this paper, we study the effect of randomization probability p on the fundamental diagrams of the Nagel-Schreckenberg model (NS) with "slow-to-start" rule introduced by Benjamin, Johnson and Hui (BJH). It is shown that this model exhibits metastable states (which leads to the occurrence of hysteresis) only for very low values of the randomization probability (p less than or equal to 0.08). Here we propose a simple generalization of the BJH model by introducing a distance-dependent randomization. With such simple generalization, the hysteresis effect and phase separation exist for all values of randomization probability. The new fundamental diagrams are analyzed within the framework of the distributions of time and distance headways.