Time-of-flight mass analyser for anion mass spectrometry and anion photoelectron spectroscopy

摘要

The ion optical design and characteristic features of a time-of-flight mass analyser for anion mass spectrometry and, in particular, for anion photoelectron and anion zero kinetic energy electron spectroscopy are described. A special design was necessary to avoid the formation of electrons and neutrals by collisions of anions with any kind of surfaces on their way to and through the photoelectron spectrometer and to the ion detector.