General Yang-Mills type gauge theories for p-form gauge fields: From physics-based ideas to a mathematical framework or From Bianchi identities to twisted Courant algebroids

摘要

Starting with minimal requirements from the physical experience with higher gauge theories, i.e. gauge theories for a tower of differential forms of different form degrees, we discover that all the structural identities governing such theories can be concisely recombined into what is called a Q-structure or, equivalently, an L-infinity-algebroid. This has many technical and conceptual advantages: complicated higher bundles become just bundles in the category of Q-manifolds in this approach (the many structural identities being encoded in the one operator Q squaring to zero), gauge transformations are generated by internal vertical automorphisms in these bundles and even for a relatively intricate field content the gauge algebra can be determined in some lines and is given by what is called the derived bracket construction. This paper aims equally at mathematicians and theoretical physicists; each more physical section is followed by a purely mathematical one. While the considerations are valid for arbitrary highest form degree p, we pay particular attention to p = 2, i.e. 1- and 2-form gauge fields coupled nonlinearly to scalar fields (0-form fields). The structural identities of the coupled system correspond to a Lie 2-algebroid in this case and we provide different axiomatic descriptions of those, inspired by the application, including e.g. one as a particular kind of a vector-bundle twisted Courant algebroid.