In this issue, Hamilton et al and Gupta et al, from two different Scottish centres, describe the ocular findings in cohorts of children who had been exposed to opiates, including methadone, or benzodiazepines in utero. Both groups make compelling arguments for opiate use, and possibly benzo-diazepine use, resulting in visual pathway and visuomotor abnormalities with one group utilising visual electrophysiology. Gupta et al go so far as stating that "...we must conclude that these substances have teratogenic effects alone and particularly when used in combination".
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