Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common, chronic, and debilitating condition that is most often observed in the elderly population. It has a profound impact on the quality of life of patients, affecting many aspects of daily living, social interaction, and self-perception of health status. Possible neurological, muscular, and metabolic causes have been proposed, but in most cases the exact pathophysiology remains unclear. The management of OAB can be initiated conservatively with behavioral modification and antimuscarinics. For refractory cases, neuromodulation, denervation techniques, and bladder augmentation may be indicated. Not all patients are cured, but most may be improved with appropriate individualized therapy.
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