Sustainable urban transportation:impact of CO_2 mitigation strategies on local pollutants

摘要

This paper assesses CO_2 mitigation strategies in Delhi and Mumbai against the dynamics of local pollutants.After testing against techno-economic feasibility,compressed natural gas (CNG) technology,four-stroke two-wheelers and battery-operated vehicles (BOV) were selected as candidate options for Mumbai and Delhi.Multiple constrained optimization for finding out the optimal mix of vehicles to meet the travel demand under the business-as-usual scenario for the period of 1998-2020 revealed the dominance of CNG vehicles.CO_2 mitigation targets of 5,10,15,20,25% resulted in reduced stock of diesel and petrol vehicels,with the reduction spanning over different points of the above time period.In the case of Mumbai,battery-operated three-wheelers dominated the vehicular mix,with the share of CNG vehicles remaining at a standard level.CO_2 reduction targets did not influence the CNG option significantly. CO_2 mitigation influenced the dynamics of local pollutants considerably in both Delhi and Mumbai.In Delhi,TSP and SO_x reduction levels against the CO_2 mitigation target were found to be significant.In Mumbai,the percentage reduction in local pollution (TSP in particular) was higher than the target CO_2 reduction.Local pollutants other than TSP and SO_x showed an increasing trend against the CO_2 mitigation strategies in Delhi.In the case of Mumbai,all non-target pollutants showed a falling trend against the CO_2 mitigation strategies,though insignificantly for pollutants other than TSP and SO_x.