This research was conducted to investigate effects of crude oil contamination stress on soil chemical properties and actinomycete diversity based on molecular approaches. In this study, there was a higher contamination level of petroleum hydrocarbon of 26.6 mg g-1 in the soil. And its total abundance of actinomycete had a lower order of magnitude than in the pristine soil on the basis of both the conventional cultivation and real-time quantitative PCR analysis. Furthermore, the actinomycete structure showed a significant difference in the two soils. Constructing 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis, it found that diversity indices of OTUs and Shannon index were significantly less than in the pristine soil, and there were eight genera of actinomycete identified in oil-contaminated soil, which were Streptomy-ces (31.9), Mycobacterium (20.9), Nocardioides (19.8), Microbacterium(9.9c), Leifsonia(2.2〇), Blastococcus (2.2), Georgenia (2.2), Marmori-cola (2.2) and some other unidentified genera (8.8), respectively. Moreover, it is interesting that genera of Mycobacterium, Nocardioides and Microbacterium with a potential for hydrocarbon degradation have higher abundance in the oil-contaminated soil. Those findings suggested oil contamination seriously influences soil ecosystem, while give an insight into actinomycete structure and provide effective information for bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminations.
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