Editorial comment regarding diagnostic value of International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) voiding-to-storage subscore ratio in male lower urinary tract symptoms.

摘要

The aims of breast-conserving surgery for women with cancer are to maximise local control, accurately stage the disease and achieve the optimal cosmetic result. Unfortunately the first and last aims can be at odds with one another. In the first successful trial showing the safety of breast conservation compared with the then standard radical mastectomy, Veronesi et al. performed a quadrantectomy and axillary clearance followed by breast irradiation (1). Eligible patients had tumours measuring clinically < 20 mm and although survival was the same in both groups the cosmetic outcome was unsatisfactory in about one-third of cases because of the tissue deficit following quadrantectomy. It is, however, an indicator of the effectiveness of quadrantectomy that after 20 years of follow-up the cumulative risk of ipsilat-eral breast relapse was only 8.8% (2).