Densehyphen;fluid Lyapunov spectra via constrained molecular dynamics

摘要

A Lagrangehyphen;multiplier method for finding the complete spectrum of Lyapunov exponents, which describe the spreading and mixing of manyhyphen;body phasehyphen;space trajectories, is developed and applied here to simple twohyphen; and threehyphen;dimensional equilibrium fluids with shorthyphen;range repulsive forces. The numerical values of the Lyapunov exponents converge well, in computer simulations of 103to 105time steps, and are insensitive both to the initial conditions and to the numerical accuracy of the trajectory integration.