The moscow underground railway has become the first major public transport system to convert entirely to contactless automatic fare collection using chip-based tickets. Moscow Metro is one of the most heavily used mass transport schemes in the world, carrying on average nine million passengers each day. It first deployed smartcard technology in 1999 for regular users but continued to issue magnetic stripe tickets for one, two and five trips. in January 2008 it replaced these with smart paper tickets incorporating NXP's Mifare Ultralight chips, and has now sold more than 300 million of them within a single year.
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