A model of energy budgets over water, snow, and ice surfaces

摘要

abstract_textpThe recently formulated maximum entropy production (MEP) model over land surfaces has been generalized to water-snow-ice surfaces. Analytical solutions of energy budget in terms of the partition of surface radiative fluxes into (turbulent and/or conductive) heat fluxes at the earth-atmosphere interface are derived as functions of surface temperature (e. g., sea surface temperature). The MEP model does not require data of wind speed, air temperature-humidity, and surface roughness. Test of the MEP model using observations from several field experiments is encouraging. Potential applications of the proposed model for understanding long-term trends in surface heat fluxes and for closing global surface energy budget at the Earth's atmosphere are suggested./p/abstract_text