The hotspot is to evaluate and improve Songnen grassland with soil degraded condition becoming more severe, but little is known about soil microbial diversity. To reveal the influence of land use change on soil microbial diversity in Songnen grassland, we measured and analyzed soil microbial counts, biomass carbon, and genetic diversity in natural grassland (N), artificial grassland (A), and farmland (F). The results showed that soil microbial counts, biomass carbon, and genetic diversity reduced after natural grassland was changed into farmland, and microbial community composition reduced 23.81. By contrast, soil microbial counts, biomass carbon, and genetic diversity raised after natural grassland was changed into artificial grassland, and microbial community composition remained rather stable. Therefore, comparison with farmland, artificial grassland is a practical land use change from the point of soil microbial diversity. It is noteworthy that 2 group of Deltaproteobacteria is sensitive to natural grassland use change.
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