Manual for design and operation of a solenoid#x2010;based delivery system for aquatic toxicity testing

摘要

A solenoid#x2010;based delivery system for aquatic toxicity studies is described. The system is easily constructed from readily available materials and has provided reliable concentrations in acute and chronic tests. This paper serves as a manual for the design, assembly, and operation of the system. The system can be modified for use with toxicants of varying water solubility, mixtures, effluents, and leachates from antifouling paint panels.