Design sensitivities using high-order tetrahedral vector elements

摘要

Obtaining design sensitivities for electromagnetic quantities by finite element analysis requires explicit expressions for the derivatives of the local stiffness matrix with respect to design parameters. By expressing the stiffness matrix for a vector tetrahedron in a certain way, the required derivatives are easily evaluated in terms of universal matrices. The method is validated by comparison with exact values or with derivatives obtained by a finite-difference formula.