Organic surface-emitting diodes have been constructed with a multilayer stacked cathode consisting of (1) an ultrathin LiF/Al bilayer acting as an effective electron injector, (2) an optically low-loss and electrically conducting silver intermediate layer for sheet resistance reduction, and (3) a transparent and nonconducting capping layer for refractive index matching to optimize optical transmission. The entire cathode structure is prepared by conventional thermal evaporation without incurring radiation damage, and the resulting organic surface-emitting diodes exhibit superior electrical and optical characteristics.
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