In Australia the status quo of coal in bottom dump wagons and iron ore in rotary dump gondola cars seems to be entrenched. However the reverse has also been the practice and as the trend is to increase the capacity of loading and unloading and in particular to consider lower capital cost for unloading unit trains it is necessary to review the state of the art. This article reviews cur-rent practice and suggests that bottom dump hopper wagons are more efficient particularly for increasing the unloading rate of unit trains.
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