Stress integration procedures for a biaxial isotropic material model of biological membranes and for hysteretic models of muscle fibres and surfactant

摘要

Stress calculation for a biaxial isotropic material model of a biological membrane and for hysteretic models of muscle fibres and surfactant is presented in the paper. The non-linear elastic membrane model is defined by uniaxial and biaxial stress-stretch relations, while the hysteretic models of tissue fibres and surfactant are described by the stress-stretch and surface tension-surfactant area ratio constitutive relationships, respectively. The conditions when tissue is or is not covered by surfactant are considered. It is assumed that the material is subjected to cyclic loading. Quasi-static and steady conditions are considered.