Relation of usage to the occurrence of cotton and rice herbicides in three streams of the Mississippi delta

摘要

During the 1995 growing season water samples were collected from three streams in the Mississippi delta and were analyzed for selected cotton and rice herbicides and metabolites. The purpose of the study was to relate the use of these herbicidesto their occurrence in streams of the delta, to describe how the geochemistry of these herbicides affects their occurrence, and to report the occurrence of selected metabolites. The total concentration of eight herbicides and their metabolites exceeded 5250L蘥/L throughout most of the growing season with a median total of 15 μg/L The order of occurrence was molinate > fluometuron > cyanazine > metolachlor > norflurazon > atrazine > prometryn > propanil. The distribution and duration of the total herbicideconcentration found in this study are much different from that found in regional studies of herbicides in the U.S. Midwest. In the Midwest, the total herbicide concentration in surface water showed a sharp peak during the spring immediately afterapplication of herbicides to crops, followed by a gradual decrease. In the Mississippi delta, the total herbicide concentration in surface water was more sustained, with multiple peaks due to different application times and postemergent applications tocotton and rice.