Formulating cost-effective and environmentally-friendly feeds based on improved knowledge of nutrient requirements and utilisation

摘要

Aquafeeds are generally the most expensive type of animal feed on the market. This is due to the fact that these feeds are, in general, of high nutrient density (high protein, high energy), composed of high quality ingredients, and manufactured usingcostly processes (e.g. extrusion). There is a need to improve the cost-effectiveness of these feeds in order to insure the economical sustainability of aquacul-ture operations. There is also a general consensus that efforts should be devoted to reducingwaste outputs from aquaculture operations to improve their environmental sustainability. Since most aquaculture wastes are ultimately from dietary origin, reduction of waste outputs should first be through improvements of feed formulations.