The review considers a new trend in accelerator engineering-repetitive generators of electron beams and X-radiation based on plasma opening switches (POSs) and capable of operating in the repetitive pulse mode. The main results of studying POSs are presented, as well as circuits and design features of repetitive-pulse generators in the megavolt range. Prospects for the development of POS-based pulsed-power accelerators, their ultimately attainable parameters, service life duration, cost, and possible application fields are considered. It is shown that the record maximal peak dose rate of such accelerators may substantially enhance the efficiency of radiation-biology technologies. The review can be useful for specialists in the field of high-power pulse engineering and current opening switches, as well as for developers of new techniques on the basis of high-power accelerators.
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