Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West PalaearcticOrthocladiuss.str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised

摘要

Abstract.Orthocladius (Orthocladius)is a subgenus of one of the more speciose genera amongst the Holarctic chironomids of the subfamily Orthocladiinae. Although many names have been applied, adult males are difficult to distinguish. However, the immature stages often are known, and pupae discriminate taxa reliably.Based predominantly upon examination of exuviae,Orthocladius atriplumaKieffer andOrthocladius mitisiGoetghebuer aresyn.n. ofOrthocladius glabripennis(Goetghebuer);Orthocladius smolandicusBrundin asyn.n. ofOrthocladius holsatusGoetghebuer;Orthocladius lenziKieffer asyn.n. ofOrthocladius oblidens(Walker);Orthocladius rhyacobiusKieffer,Orthocladius rhyacophilusKieffer andOrthocladius excavatusBrundin aresyn.n. ofOrthocladius obumbratusJohannsen;Orthocladius saxicolaKieffer andOrthocladius curtisetaSæther aresyn.n. ofOrthocladius rubicundus(Meigen).Orthocladius (Orthocladius) vaillantiis described assp.n., based upon distinctive pupal exuviae. Lectotypes are designated forOrthocladius rhyacobiusKieffer,Orthocladius rhyacophilusKieffer,Orthocladius rivinusKieffer,Chironomus rubicundusMeigen andOrthocladius saxicolaKieffer.A key to the thirteen western palaearctic species is given