The effect of different doses of cyclosporin (CyA) on the occurrence of histological lesions in renal allograft biopsies was investigated 2 years after transplantation. Biopsy findings were compared in three different groups of patients. In group 1, patients were immunosuppressed with CyA and prednisolone according to an early, high-dosage schedule (initial CyA dose 15–17.5 g/kg body weight); in group 2, they were treated with a medium CyA dose (initial dose 12 mg/kg), together with prednisolone; and in group 3, patients were given triple drug therapy consisting of low doses of CyA (initial dose 8 mg/kg), together with both azathioprine and prednisolone. Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy were common findings in all groups, and on the basis of all biopsies, no difference could be found between the groups with respect to the relative volume of the renal cortical interstitium, which was used as a quantitative parameter for interstitial fibrosis. Likewise, no difference was found with respect to serum creatinine levels. When grafts, that showed signs of rejection (usually vascular rejection) in the biopsy were excluded (two in group 1, six in group 2, and ten in group 3), the mean interstitial volume was significantly lower in group 3 (triple drug therapy) than in the other groups. The serum creatinine levels were also significantly lower in group 3 than in group 1. Thus, chronic renal lesions could be ameliorated when CyA doses were lowered, but this appeared to entail an increased risk of acute or chronic vascular rejectio
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