Role of university-industry–government linkages in the innovation processes of a small catching-up economy

摘要

During the transformation process from a command economy,the extraordinary statist university—industry—government (UIG) linkagesmodel was replaced by an extreme version of laissez-faire relationships. Amore modern interaction-based UIG model could be implemented only bychanging the whole national innovation system of catching-up economies.The national innovation systems of countries with a command economypast share common problems that prevent them from developing the UIGlinkages. The still-dominating linear innovation model should be replacedwith the interactive and learning-based approach as these countries needto improve their levels of innovation diffusion management andnetworking. In addition, a symbiotic approach to the balance of high-techand low-tech industries is needed. Managerial and organizationalcompetence should be improved and treated at the same level ofimportance as technological competence.