The interaction rate of zirconium dioxide ceramic at ∼2300 K depends on the composition of the gas environment (partial pressure of oxygen), the ratio of the oxide and metal phases of the melt (especially iron oxides and zirconium), and the porosity. The temperature distribution affects the region where the zirconium dioxide interacts with the oxides. The region of the ceramic penetrated by the oxides of nickel, titanium, and chromium is larger under isothermal conditions than for a temperature gradient of 100 deg/m
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