Treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma is difficult because of the limited response to standard chemotherapy and the tumor-associated suppression of the host immune response. Although biologic therapy has made some impact, optimum treatment regimens with reproducible response rates are still not established. Further improvement in the ability to treat renal cell carcinoma effectively is likely to depend on an improved understanding of tumor biology rather than on empiric treatment approaches. In this review, recent progress in understanding the biology of renal cell carcinoma is highlighted and potential new therapeutic approaches are discussed.
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