Hydrothermal treatment (autohydrolysis) is an advantageous alternative to fractionate biomass that was not yet explored for rice straw. In this work, the process was optimised and proved to be highly selective towards hemicellulose. Hydrolysates containing a mixture of oligomeric compounds (mainly xylo-oligosaccharides, XOS), could be obtained under relatively mild operation conditions (210 degrees C, logR(0) = 3.59), yielding a maximum of 40.1 g/100 g of initial xylan. The produced XOS were separated by molecular mass using gel filtration chromatography (GFC). Different fractions of purified XOS were obtained ranging from small polysaccharides and high DP oligosaccharides (DP >= 23), to medium and low DP oligosaccharides (DP >= 3), and separated fractions of by-products (acetic acid, furan derivatives and phenols) as well as di-, and monosaccharides. GFC was an efficient purification method enabling the recovery of interesting categories of XOS that can have potential applications to the pharma, food and feed industries. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
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