Early detection efforts identify prostate cancer at lower clinical and pathologic stages, often resulting in smaller volumes of tumor in radical prostatectomy specimens. In some cases, complete sampling of the radical prostatectomy specimen for biopsy-proven adenocarcinoma reveals minimal or no residual cancer. We evaluated the clinical and pathologic findings in 13 such cases in an effort to document this finding. which we refer to as the ldquo;vanishing cancer phenomenon.rdquo; The mean number of prostate slides examined per case was 79 (range, 34ndash;248). Carcinoma was absent in two cases, present in a single focus in eight cases, and present in two foci in three cases. Mean cancer volume in the 10 cases with residual tumor was 0.019cc (range, 0.003ndash;0.038); the largest single dimension of any tumor focus was 3 mm. All cancers were well differentiated or moderately differentiated in the biopsy and prostatectomy. Ours results indicate that in some cases cancer may be extremely difficult or impossible to find in the prostatectomy specimen despite exhaustive sampling. The incidence of this ldquo;vanishing cancer phenomenonrdquo; is probably increasing because more low-stage cancers are being treated by prostatectomy. The inability to identify cancer in a prostate removed for needle biopsy-proen carcinoma may not indicate technical failure.
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