In the DSM-III and DSM-III-R the affective or mood category has been widened and moodincongruent psychotic affective illness (MICPAI) included. The present study was undertaken to determine whether this broad mood category is still homogeneous. Personality factors were used as parameters. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory findings of 54 patients with MICPAI were compared with those of 21 probands with a DSM-III typical affective disorder and with those of 15 DSM-III schizophrenics. It was shown that MICPAI differed significantly from typical affective disorder, but not from schizophrenia, in particular regarding the subscales “schizophrenia” and “psychopathic deviate”. When MICPAI was subdivided into the depressed and manic type, the depressed type was found to be more closely related to schizophrenia (with respect to the subscales “paranoia” and “schizophrenia”), whereas the manic type hardly differed from affective disorder. Whether this result is due to diagnostic inaccuracies is discussed. Our finding that MICPAI differs from typical affective disorder with respect to personality is in accordance with heredity and outcome studies demonstrating that MICPAI is associated with a higher risk for schizophrenia in firstdegree relatives and with worse outcomes when compared with typical affective disorder. It can thus be concluded that the decision to include MICPAI in the affective or mood category of the DSM-III or DSM-III-R has rendered this category mor
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